Endoscopy-assisted surgical treatment of trigonocephaly – A Technical Note

Abstract

Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, affects approximately 1 in every 1,800 to 2,000 live births and can lead to neurocognitive deficits, increased intracranial pressure, and cranial deformities. This narrative review aims to outline the endoscopic treatment of trigonocephaly, a form of craniosynostosis characterized by early closure of the metopic suture, resulting in a triangular forehead and hypotelorism. Using data from literature and a case study, this paper describes the step-by-step endoscopic surgical technique, highlighting its advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, and shorter hospital stays compared to traditional open surgery. The patient described in the case study, a 1-month-old female, underwent successful endoscopic surgery with no significant complications, requiring only two days of hospitalization. The literature suggests that early intervention, particularly within the first three months of life, yields optimal results. Additionally, the use of cranial orthosis postoperatively is essential for long-term cranial remodeling. Endoscopic-assisted techniques offer promising outcomes, including lower morbidity, faster recovery, and reduced healthcare costs, making them a viable alternative to traditional methods for treating craniosynostosis.